3. Convert and amplify transmission components

The conversion amplification transmission component converts and amplifies the tiny signals received, and further converts and amplifies them through various principles (light, machine, electricity, gas) to become signals that can be directly received by the observer or its next component, such as display or further processing.

4. Aiming/Reading Components

Aiming/reading components sense the measured/standard quantity, used for zero/reading.

Aiming components are used to sense the measured object and require accurate zero pointing. They are generally not used for reading, so their sensitivity is not required. The reading component is used to sense standard quantities and generate measurement results. In actual measurement, the two are interchangeable rather than absolute. But some instruments cannot be interchanged.

5. Data processing components

The data processing component processes, corrects, and calculates the measurement data. Usually completed by microprocessors and microcomputers.

6. Display recording components

The display recording component is used to display and store measurement results, including various types such as pointer dials, recorders, digital displays, printers, fluorescent image displays, as well as various ROM and RAM storage, disks, CF and SD storage cards.